May 18, 2012

Knowing About Dubai Metro

Background of Dubai Metro

The Dubai Metro is known as a train without driver, it is a transport that is completely automated in Dubai. The Dubai Metro was began planned under the instruction of Dubai’s ruler Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum who envisioned once the project is completed in 2010, it is going to draw in 15 million visitors to come to Dubai. The rapidly growing Dubai population which is anticipated to hit 3 million by 2017 may cause intense traffic congestion in the region. Therefore, it is an urge for Dubai to plan and construct an urban rail system to cater ever growing transportation, alleviate traffic jam, and also supply commercial infrastructure for further improvement.

Dubai Metro

In May 29, 2005, Qasim Sultan, the General Director of Dubai Municipality, Qasim Sultan, and Board Member of Mitsubish Heavy Industries, Susumu Uchida, come to an agreement and signing the contract of Dubai Metro. The first phase of the project is then awarded by Dubai Municipality to Dubai Rapid Link Consortium. The building work is commenced in the same year at Al Ittihad Park in Deira and the foundation for the project of Dubai Metro was commenced on 2006. After all groundwork being completed, in 2008, the first two trains were shipped from Japan and arrived in Dubai. The Dubai Metro was officially launched on 9 September 2009 with 11 stations operational on the Red Line.

Amazing Dubai Metro Commercial

Dubai “Metro” from Shilo on Vimeo.

Red Line and Green Line

The major lines of Dubai Metro is covered of 2 lines: The Red Line and Green Line. The Red Line is now on its full operation, while the Green Line is still being built with test runs initiated in October 2010. In the mean time, there are another 3 further lines being planned and will come into construction in future. These two lines run underground within the city center as well as on heightened viaducts railway. All stations and trains are equipped with air condition and platform edge doors to enable the implementation of whole construction.

Dubai Metro Station

The Red Line is commuting between Al Rashidiya and Jebel Ali. It was officially opened on 9th September 2009 and the total length of 52.1km. While Green Line is commuting between Al Qusais and Al Jaddaf. It is expected to open on August 2011 with a length of 17.6km. Upon completion of these 2 lines, Dubai Metro will have 70 kilometers of lines, and 47 stations which comprised of 9 underground stations.

While latest news released that the Dubai Metro Green Line will launch on 9 September 2011 for official operation. The line will covers 23km (which is longer than previously estimated length of 17.6km) and having 18 stations with another 2 transfer stations. The grand opening of the Green Line indicates another mega project that been accomplished by the Roads & Transport Authority (RTA) that are undertaken across the region.

RTA Statistic of Dubai Metro Passengers

Chairman of the Board and Executive Director of the Roads and Transport Authority (RTA), His Excellency Mattar Al Tayer, told the media in which Dubai sizable transit modes are including Dubai Metro, water transport, taxicabs and public buses. In the first half of 2011, these mass transit modes have transporting 180,544,372 passengers.

The statistic revealed that the amount of public bus commuters in the first half of 2011 reach 54,077,652 passengers. And the Dubai city bus transport service accumulated 42,329,663 passengers. Accompanied by metro stations feeder bus service that commuting 6,109,602 passengers and lastly the inter-city bus service that accounted for 5,638,387 passengers.

Dubai Metro Train

Many of the people in Dubai are very appreciate for the Dubai Metro operation. You may try it out yourself for the Red Line or Green Line of Dubai Metro and travel to the city center. You may aware that the train can be well crowded for Red Line but for Green Line there will be not many people in the train. This is because most people are knowing about the operating hour of Red Line but many people still not aware that Green Line is actually up and operating already. Therefore, the Green Line may still need some time to create more awareness from the mass so that the train can come to full functionality. The train is runs pretty fast you will expect to get a very pleasurable city views along your journey.

One think you need to remember is that you have to ensure that you get a RTA card where you can buy at the counters in all Dubai Metro stations. You may just pay for AED 6 for a silver card which you are able to use that card on any transport services provided by the RTA.

Many people are truly grateful in which Dubai is constructing on a useful and structural transport system that is currently getting used by all people who are living there. With the implementation of Dubai Metro, it not only fixed a lot of traffic issue as forecast but it has also presented Dubai with a brand new inclusion. By adding all these up, it is actually an excellent development toward the “green” direction and this is definitely benefit the environment.

Operating Hour of Dubai Metro

The Dubai Metro will operating from 6am to 11pm, from Saturday to Thursday; while Fridays it will run from 2pm to midnight. During rush hour, the fastest waiting times is 3 minutes and 45 seconds while the longest time interval for the train to arrive is 7 minutes.

If you want to know more about the operating hour, you may check on the time table.

You may click here to download the Dubai Metro Pocket Map (PDF)

Dubai Government Take full control of the Dubai Bank

The government of Dubai in United Arab Emirates said in a statement in 16 May 2011 that in order to protect the interests of depositors against the loss, the government will immediately take full control of Dubai Bank.

dubai bank

The statement said, according to the order of Dubai Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the government will inject sufficient funds in Dubai Bank, this is a move that has been supported by the UAE Central Bank and the Ministry of Finance.

The statement also said that whether the future of Dubai Bank will operate independently or merge with other government’s banks is still under evaluation. Allegedly, this takeover will not affect the bank’s management.

According to the latest financial statement reported by Dubai Bank, the bank is recorded a loss of 291 million dirhams (about $ 79,000,000) in 2009. The total assets at end of the year 2009 reached 174 billion dirhams (about $ 4,741,000,000).

Emirates Islamic Bank

Dubai Bank is a wholly-owned enterprises by Dubai Holding, 70% of the shares of Dubai Holding is owned by Sheikh Mohammed’s private enterprises, while the remaining 30% is owned by Emaar which is the highest market capitalization among the UAE real estate developers.

In 2010, Dubai Bank began restructuring its operations. Some media reported that in October 2010, the Emirates Islamic Bank and Dubai Bank ever submitted a merger proposal to Central Bank. The proposal of Emirates Islamic Bank stated that the losses of Dubai Bank should be handled by the government, and Emirates Islamic Bank not going to pay for the bill. It is estimated that Dubai Bank’s losses could piled up to a total of between 5 billion dirhams (about 136 million U.S. dollars) to 20 billion dirhams (5.45 billion U.S. dollars).

The Distinctive Dubai Landmark

Luxurious Dubai Landmark

Dubai Meseum

Dubai Meseum

The Middle East and especially the Gulf region became exceedingly prosperous after the discovery of oil wells under the ground. Virtually overnight, the countries in the gulf region began to realize the wealth hidden under their feet. The entire oil fields in this region have been pumping millions of gallons of oil and selling them to all the nations of the world. But with speculation about the oil fields drying up, the countries in this region are quickly switching over to tourism as their next source of income. They have built numerous hotels and tourist attractions that attract millions of visitors from around the world every single year.

Dubai Snow Ski

Dubai Snow Ski

Famous Dubai Landmark

The Mall of Emirates is a famous Dubai landmark with the Snow Ski, the first every indoor ski resort in the Middle East. It has an amazing setting of snow which is ideal for skiing, tobogganing, snowboarding, and for just playing around in the snow. Varying in height, steepness and difficulty, there are a total of 5 runs on which skiers and snowboarders can practice or display their skills. The longest run in this indoor skiing facility is 400 meters over a drop of 60 meters in altitude. This famous Dubai landmark is just the right place to have a taste of winter sports right in the heart of the desert.

dubai landmark Burj Al Arab

Burj Al Arab

The Dubai Museum is another famous Dubai landmark which is situated in Bur Dubai. It is incorporated in the Fort Al Sahidi which was built in the latter part of the 18th century. The fort itself is another Dubai landmark. The fort was the residence of the rulers in the past and the seat for their government. The fort has now been resorted as serves as a monument that gives us a glimpse of the Dubai of the past.

Another world famous Dubai landmark is the Burj Khalifa, which is the tallest tower in the world. People sightseeing Dubai should probably start with the Burj Khalifa as they can get a bird’s eye view of the whole of Dubai from the tower. Located in downtown Dubai, this Dubai landmark is an urban masterpiece that is surrounded by shopping centers, hotels and entertainment facilities for visitors.

Wild Wadi Water Amusement Park

Wild Wadi Water Amusement Park

The Palm islands of Dubai are another popular Dubai landmark which serves as a tourist destination for people from all over the world. Comprising of three man-made islands which are known to be the largest artificial islands in the world, the Palm island are home to some of the most famous hotels, resorts and entertainment facilities in Dubai. This Dubai landmark is known for its opulence, extravagance and sheer world class luxury.

The Wild Wadi water amusement park is another Dubai landmark which can be found between the Jumeirah Beach Hotel and Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai. From the city center, this amusement park is just a 20-minute drive. Juha is a popular character from Arabian folklore around which the park is themed. This wonderful Dubai landmark has 30 rides and many different fun attractions.

HSBC Trade Confidence Index show UAE ranks second

Based on the HSBC Trade Confidence Index published in the area today show that traders in the Middle East recorded huge degrees of confidence in the trading market again. The United Arab Emirates results revealed a small decline through the first 6 months of the year, while the UAE revealed the greatest degrees of confidence around the world with a score of 125, which is in second place just after India.

In the mean time, while the global average is 116, Saudi Arabia reported a score of 118, and just 2 points behind the general emerging markets of 120.

In the United Arab Emirates, that features a trade turn over to Gross Domestic Product ratio of 140%, has been a substantial move by the government to develop activity within the trade industry to benefit the broader economic climate. These kinds of endeavours happen to be well accepted in the UAE, with 47% of participants implying that federal government trade laws and regulations will probably have an advantageous effect.

“We’re satisfied on the fact that the global business community is constantly on the view of the Emirates with remarkable confidence,” stated the UAE Minister of Foreign Trade, H.E. Sheikha Lubna Al Qasimi. ” The results from the survey is a great assistant in distributing our business guidelines and executed programs and showcasing our accomplishment in improving our business conditions. They are going to likewise reveal the flexibility appreciated by our financial sector and the nationwide economic system in general.”

“We’re as well delighted to know in which India has up to the most notable position in international trade confidence. India is our main international trade associate therefore its business success will certainly have a very positive effect in our bilateral trades,” added H.E. Sheikha Lubna.

Final results underline the important role of China and Southeast Asia to traders in the Middle East, aiding HSBC’s concentrate on emerging markets and featuring the developing great need of inter-emerging market trade. The fourth influx of the HSBC Trade Confidence Index implies that 60% of traders in the Middle East review that they’re at the moment trading with China, and 33% determined this location among the most encouraging areas for development in next 6 months.

In line with this shift in concentrate, 6% of regional respondents currently expect to commerce in Chinese Renminbi or RMB within the coming six months, since the People’s Financial institution of China, China’s central financial institution, expanded its Renminbi Commerce Settlement Pilot Scheme in June 2010. Previously, settlement in Renminbi for cross border trades was only permitted between 5 pilot cities in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and also the member countries from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

“HSBC has currently seen, and successfully met, demand for settlement in RMB from numerous our existing clients with company operations in China,” commented Simon Vaughan Johnson, Head of Commercial Banking, HSBC Center East and North Africa. “Research conducted by the Financial institution suggests that the RMB will turn out to be 1 from the world’s global currencies within the next 5 years, and this latest issue from the HSBC Commerce Self-confidence Index clearly demonstrates the significance of China to regional merchants, and a continued appetite for Eastern expansion.”

Center Eastern merchants also showed a renewed self-confidence within the financial sector as a source for commerce finance, with 37% looking to banks for future commerce financing requirements, and 44% noting increased use of commerce finance via banks as a strategy to steer clear of buyer default.

“The recent scores have leveled as merchants within the area get back to company after a turbulent period in 2009, and return to development in early 2010,” commented Kersi Patel, Head of Commerce & Supply Chain, HSBC Center East, North Africa. “This concentrate on growing ‘real’ company has leaded to a lot of companies having faith in the financing and security of their commerce receivables to the banking institutions. Approximately half from the United Arab Emirates respondents see a requirement for increased commerce finance within the coming months, and banks such as HSBC are well placed to service this demand.”

The HSBC Commerce Self-confidence Index, now in their 4th bi-annual version, is definitely an international survey on small and middle market businesses involved in cross-border commerce, which gauges sentiment and expectations on commerce activity and company development within the next 6 months. The survey is conducted by TNS on behalf from the financial institution, across 5,124 exporters, importers and merchants in Australia, India, Hong Kong, mainland China, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, UK, USA, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Mexico, and Saudi Arabia.

The Background and Living in Dubai City

To start again, Dubai is one of the seven emirates that formed the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and is situated in the Middle East. The UAE is close to the Gulf of Oman and also the Persian Gulf. It’s also situated in between Saudi Arabia and Oman. The UAE was constituted in 1971 by the then ‘Trucial States’ after the independence of the region from Britain colonial.

United Arab Emirates and Dubai Background:

The UAE is regulated by a Supreme Council of Rulers, the Supreme Council is formed the 7 emirates which are Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujayrah, Ras al Khaymah, Sharjah, and Umm al Qaywayn. Prime minister and also the cabinet are appointed for the nation. Even Dubai is eventually ruled via the Supreme Council just like the other six emirates, it still managed to have a huge flexibility of autonomy in the UAE in terms of making decision on the city’s development.

At first, Dubai was fully depended on oil when the resource was discovered in the area in 1950s, and back to the year even earlier than that, Dubai economy was totally depended on collecting pear and fishing. When Abu Dhabi started exporting oil in 1962, the economy in the UAE has then transformed completely.

The ruler of the UAE, Sheikh Zayed, is fully grasp of the financial possibility from the oil business. He keep on ensuring the residents are reaping good benefits from oil, and was adamant on the reinvestment of the revenues generated from oil into the training system, health care system, and the infrastructure.

Due to the rose of the oil business, it has resulted in big influx of foreign workers into the UAE. As we can observe that Dubai population been increased very fast and by now the expats are constituted about one third of total population in UAE! The truth of the UAE is it’s one of the most liberal countries within the Gulf, and it can tolerate with other languages, religions and cultures. Oil within the region is only estimated to get exhausted for about 30 years and so Dubai has eagerly embarked on some diversification projects in developing industries and commercial businesses with the purpose of replacing oil as the predominate commodity in Dubai’s economy.

Dubai weather is of sub-tropical and arid. The city is having sunny blue skies all year round. It is very rarely for the region to has rain and normally that is only rain falls during winter. The temperatures can be varied extremely between 10 degrees to 48 degrees. The average daily temperature in January is 24 degrees and in July the temperature can reach 41 degrees when humidity is higher.

About the city of Dubai

Dubai is well-known for its tourism and commercial industries in the UAE and is very popular to be the most futuristic, innovative, and modern metropolitan compare to all other countries. It is among the fastest growing area within the Muslim community, and has now successfully formulated tranquility via ethnic diversity. It’s a city with incomparable levels of architectural ambition and financial power, an exclusive area where the most contemporary and architecturally skyscrapers are built along traditional Arabic structures.

The availability of Dubai attractions are varied and many that you can experience. You can enjoy the beautiful white sandy beaches, exotic Arabian heritage, awe inspiring majesty, desert adventure; and enjoying your foods and drinks at the dynamic cafes, restaurants and bars.

Conde Nast Traveller magazine ever elected Dubai as the least risky holiday destination in the world in 2003, and many foreigners who ever lived in Dubai are agreed that it is one of the safest cities in the world for people to live in. Crime rate are relatively low in Dubai and the police will always ensuring your personal safety and security. Those who been found guilty of committing a serious crime will face with severe punishment. Drug and alcohol related criminal offenses are considered severe in Dubai.

The economy of Dubai is primarily service-driven, different services range from banking to telecommunications can be found in there. International trading are positively encouraged through the provision of favorable taxation rewards, offshore standing, free trade zones and others. Most recent innovative projects include the construction of Dubai Internet City and Dubai Media City, delivering 21st century technologies to Dubai with its first ‘Free Zone’ that completely focused on e-business.

Daily Life in Dubai

Map of Dubai

In case you are looking for relocating to Dubai, then the first thing that come to your mind would be where should you choose for your accommodation. There is not really a big deal for you to choose where to live in Dubai as you can easily find a lot of property rental companies through the classified, local newspapers, or search online. You can find many different Dubai accommodation range from villas, apartments and shared accommodation. Depend on your budget and way of living, the housing and property rental companies will be able to provide you with the accommodation that suit your needs. Should you choose to find your accommodation by your own to save the agency fees, you may go to shopping mall and check on supermarkets notice boards to look for the accommodation that advertise there.

For your information, the Safa Park, Umm Sequiem, and Jumeirah areas are uptown that you can get villa for your accommodation. Garhoud and Satwa also offer villas but the prices can be cheaper. Al Quoz, Mirdif, and Rashidiya are generally Arabic areas but they are of high demand for many expats.

If you wish to stay in a condominium, then the most popular places will be those that close to Bur Dubai at the Sheikh Zayed Road with more affordable flats can be found in Satwa, Karama and Deira. Some of the more luxury condominium will have shared gymnasium, swimming pool and garage or car park.

Education

In case you shift to Dubai with your family and want to know about the education system as well as the location of school and colleges of good quality, then you may try to ask from your neighbor or search online. As there are many expats staying in Dubai these days, you can actually find a lot of secondary schools and colleges to choose for and you will notice that most of the colleges are exclusive fee paying schools. After all, it is truly the best way for you to ask from your close friends, colleagues or neighbors to have a better understanding of the quality of different schools. Most of the schools will have their websites and you are able to learn about the curriculum, after college programs and so on that school provided.

If you are enrolling your kids into the school in UAE, there are some rules you need to be aware of. As an example you will not be permitted to change your kid’s college during the entire academic year with the exception of getting approval from the Ministry of Education and the conditions happen to be special. This means that you’ll want to ensure the school you decide on for the kid need to be well suit them. Yet another restriction you need to be aware of is that if you relocate to Dubai on or following the 1st May on that year, you will not be able to enrol your kid into the schooling system for that year. Rather you will need to enrol your kid for the beginning of the new school year which is normally fall on the beginning of September each year.

Health

Another consideration you will have when considering of moving to Dubai will be the medical and health care program available there. It can be fair to imply that Dubai is features with a lot of well-equipped surgeries and hospitals. Department of Health and Medical in Dubai is taking a good care for the health care system in the region. Dubai Hospital can said to be one of the best health care centers in the Middle East while Al Wasl is a gynaecology and maternity hospital.

The Department of Health also operate out patient surgeries and clinics. Besides, you’ll discover quite a few high quality hospitals in Dubai providing good health care services. One of them is The American and Welcare Hospitals. In general, we can assure that both the Dubai private and public offered health care providers are first class.

Occupation

It is good for those who work in Dubai as they can enjoy a tax free environment and they can keep all their earning. Besides, all goods sell by the shops also are tax free. These make Dubai to be an amazingly attractive city for expats and also international companies. There are plenty of work opportunities in Dubai especially with the completion of Dubai Media City and Internet City.

It’s rather vital to point out that some countries are having tax laws to tax their residents who are making money abroad. Therefore, It’s important for you to find out if your country is having such tax laws before accepting the job offer in Dubai.

Living Standard

Dubai has a thriving expat population who make the most of their taxes free lifestyle in this incredible city. The nightlife in the city is really happening, there are many themed bars, cocktail bars, wine bars, and standard pubs available, some of them are offering entertainment and food also.

Exclusive cuisine is available in many restaurants in the city and if you want to have vibrant evening entertainment, you can actually find a lot of night clubs in the town. There are Middle Eastern, Asian and Indian nightclubs providing entertainment with dancers and singers. The city also embraces international vacationing singing and entertainment which meet the needs of all ages and tastes from ballet, opera, traditional theater groups, to worldwide pop and rock bands.

Some Important Facts and Rules in UAE

Becoming A UAE Citizen

Becoming a citizen of a western country could take between 3 to 5 years, while becoming a citizen of the UAE that identical to all the GCC countries, is virtually not possible regardless of whether you have remained there for fifty years. One feasible way is that if you are a citizen of a GCC country, say Bahrain, where the country is offering nationality to foreigners who have staying in there for few years, then you will be able to stay and work in UAE. Citizens in GCC who wish to live and work in the UAE possess the same rights as a local Emirati after the formation of the GCC in January 2008. The general market offers the same opportunities for all citizens in GCC such as the right to work in all institutions and government in associate states, trade property and commit different investments, shift without restraint between the nations, and receive benefits of health care and training.

Having Own Business

Within the UAE, if you want to receive money from other people, you will need to open a registered company. To be able to register a company, you will have the option of either invest in government free zones or possess a 49% of shares with the company and the other 51% to be owned by your partner who need to be a UAE national where normally called as ‘watni’ (nearby).

Renting and Owning Property

Rent in the UAE differs from emirate to emirate as well as differs within the different locations of each emirate. Rent in the UAE can range from Dhs. 6,000 to Dhs. 100,000 per year and the highest rent would be in Abu Dhabi. In Abu Dhabi, only UAE nationals are eligible to own property; while GCC nationals are allowed to own property in the remaining areas in UAE. However, UAE been started to permit non GCC nationals to buy property in some areas in the UAE. Those areas including Free Zones and Freehold Places in Ras Al Khaimah, Ajman and Dubai.

Television

Most of the TV channels in UAE are owned by government and you will find very less commercials. Most people are having their own satellite dishes since the government channels didn’t supply enough entertainment unless you understand Arabic language. The major satellite companies are Orbit, Al Awael, and Showtime.

Streets and Directions

Roads in the UAE were constructed simply with the purpose to make access from one location to another. It is not like other countries, where most of the roads were planned properly before build. As a result, most of the roads in Dubai are keep on being altered and rebuilt. And the road design are mostly influenced by the British, you will see many round-abouts are connected to the streets. It happens that most people will not used to give directions, but rather they will quote the popular landmarks when showing the directions.

Transportation

For other countries, transportation are include of biking, walking, skateboarding, buses, cars, taxis, trains and subways. While in the UAE, the most significant transport will be car. This is because of the weather in Dubai. You will rarely see people riding bicycle since people are not permited to ride on sidewalks and the streets don’t have enough spot for people to ride safely.

Gas Station
For other countries, you will need to stop the engine, get out of the car and fill up the gas yourself. You may wash your car windows and proceed to pay the gas. While in the UAE, you do not have to get out from your car since a worker from gas station will help you to fills up the gas, washes the car windows and you can sit back and pay him.

Drinking Water

Be cautious whenever taking in tab water and public water since most of the emirates tend not to filter their water to make it safe for drinking. You will discover that only water in Abu Dhabi and Dubai are drinkable. If you are in other emirates, it is better for you to buy clean water in bottles.

Stopped through the Police

When you are pulled over by the police in UAE, you will need to get out of the car and speak to them. It’s the opposite from what happens in other places.

Drinking Alcohol

Most of the emirates permit the buying and drinking of alcohol but you can only drink at the private premises. If you are found drinking in public or is driving drunk, you are going to get fined or may be putting in jail. Even worst, if you are found owning alcohol or drunk in the Emirate of Sharjah, you wil be lashed!

Driving Issues

You drive at the right hand side of the road as in Europe and/or USA etc. It’s compulsory for both front seat drivers to wear seat belts and a child under the age of 10 can’t sit within the front passenger seat. It is also not permitted to drive a vehicle while talking on a mobile phone and driver’s caught driving pass a red light will put in jail for one month.

Driving licenses from most European nations including UK could be used to obtain a UAE license. If you’re only visiting and wish to drive then you can only do so if you get an IDP (International Driving Permit) from major Post Offices in the UK before you leave.

Public Affection

It isn’t permitted for people to kiss publicly, and you will not going to find any nude beaches or communities in the United Arab Emirates.

Drugs

As in most countries, narcotics drugs is illegal, and in the UAE it is illegal to bring it to the country, sell it, use it or grow it in your home, etc.

Walking At Night

Young males, and sometimes young females, discovered wandering the streets at night are sometimes picked up by the police and spend a night in jail. This is done to reduce the crime rates that happen at night and following the night in jail, they are released the next morning after being finger printed.

Stay together with the Opposite Sex

It is not permitted for a male and female to share a closed space (a flat, room, tinted vehicle, and so on) away from your sight of other people, unless they are blood relatives or legally married. According to the Islamic law governing the Emirates, offenders is going to be putting jailed and deported, and possibly lashed. Luckily enough this law isn’t implemented in Dubai.

Eating in Ramadan

Throughout the Islamic month of Ramadan, people can’t eat, drink, or smoke in public throughout the time of fasting (Sunrise to Sunset). Individuals found doing so might either be jailed for a maximum of one month, or fined up to 2,000 Dirhams.

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